Advantages Of Open Small Group Systems Essay - 1158 Words

An open system has more freeing boundaries and has interchange between it and its environment, while a close system has more strict boundaries and has very little interchange between it and its environment. 3. What is a bona fide group? What about a bona fide virtual group? Bona Fide Group is a group with stable, but permeable boundaries that are independent with their relevant contexts. A Bona Fide Virtual Group is where groups meet through technology rather than face-to-face. 4. In what ways was there interchange between the church board described in the chapter and its environment? Communicating about the decisions at the meetings. The board realized if they kept the information to themselves then they would lose the trust and support from the environment. 5. Describe two ideal group throughput processes. †¢ Meetings where final decisions are made and job roles are assigned. †¢ People signing a job offer letter where the boss is explaining their roles and expectations. Opinion Topics 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of open small group systems as opposed to closed small group systems? Disadvantages with a open small group would be that it is constantly changing towards the appeal of its environment; however, to stay competitive in any market in today’s time you must be willing to change and adapt to certain environments. Also, with an open group the boundaries are more flexible so pushing the limited is not as frowned upon. 2. What do you think areShow MoreRelatedThe Urban Sprawl Of Los Angeles1641 Words   |  7 Pagesincreased. â€Å"Los Angeles is the least affordable rental market in the country.† (La times Sewell 2016) Angelenos are stuck in the correlated problems, which are rooted at the beginning of its history. The excessive demand for housing caused the lack of open communal space in L.A. Its attitude towards finding an empty place and expanding urban brought additional quantity that they cannot handle. The high quality of urban life isn’t realized for them. â€Å" To some protagonists of urban â€Å"progress† this processRead MorePopular ERP vendors1060 Words   |  4 PagesDynamics, Epicor Software, Infor Global Solutions, Sage Group, Lawson Software, IFS and Open Bravo are the most popular ERP software vendors globally. Implementing the major proprietary ERP systems are however expensive thus Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) usually opt for using open source ERPs since SMEs typically have to address major difficulties due to the limited resources available for selecting and adopting a new software system (Aversano Tortorella, 2013). According to Aversano TortorellaRead MoreBandon Group: A Family Owned Office Equipment Business1166 Words   |  5 PagesScope of Stud y Bandon Group is a family owned distributor of office equipment. 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Even though there are numerous positives to regional trade agreements, there are negatives as well. â€Å"Regional trading groups strengthen trade and the benefits thereof with groups but at the same time may serveRead MoreWhy The Electoral College Should Not Be Preserved999 Words   |  4 PagesWhy the Electoral College should not be preserved The Constitution Convention of 1787 gave birth to the system of Electoral College. According to the Constitution, electors per state are equal to the number of seats each state holds in the Congress, which include the Senate and the House of Representative delegations. California holds the most Electoral which is 54 electors. However, with every census the numbers of each states electoral change due to the process called reapportionment. ReapportionmentRead MoreThe Effect Of Performance Measurement On The Public Sector1533 Words   |  7 Pagesreduction, everyone must understand the purpose of inspection. 4. Eliminate the practice of using cost as the basis for awarding business. 5. Improve systems of production and service continuously. 6. Implement modern training methods. 7. Teach leadership. 8. Eliminate fear, build trust, and create an environment conducive to innovation. 9. Staff and work groups must be optimized toward the aims of the organization. 10. Eliminate please to the workforce. 11. Eliminate numerical quotas for work, insteadRead MoreDesigning A Multi Tasking Processes By Scheduler Skeleton And Data Algorithms1337 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance balance and sharing CPU equally in the system. In the scheduling of Kernel, each process has a priority value which ranges from 1 to 139. 1 is the highest priority level. 139 is the lowest priority level. The real time priorities range from 1 to 99 and the normal priorities range from 100 to 139. The smaller number of priority value, the priority is higher. All real time programs have a higher priority than normal programs in the system. In Linux scheduling is implemented by a class named

Being A Family And Family Counselors Help People Work...

Sydni Lashley Ms.Milliner EES21QH-03 9/28/16-d2 I desire to be a family/marriage counselor a, â€Å"Marriage and family counselors help people work through problems and rebuild relationships†(http://www.counselor-license.com/careers/marriage-and-family.html#context/api/listings/prefilter) . All my life I loved to help people and help them get through the tribulations they were going through. I’m naturally comforting and a leader, so this career is the right pick for me. I’ve had influence in my life also that helped me to pick this career also, My mother is a guidance counselor and seeing her help people motivated me to take a career in counseling, also I remember in 9th grade i took a career quiz to see which career would best fit me, and when I took it it suggested counseling as one of the many jobs that would best fit me. As a counselor you are there to comfort the patient, and make sure they re comfortable. You have many duties to fulfill in this position, you have to establish and maintain a relation ship of trust and respect with your client, they won t open up if they don t trust nor respect you, it would be like talking to a brick wall. Also you can not judge the client nor show any type of bias towards them, they are there to be complete free and know that everything is strictly confidential in a judgment-free zone. You have to be able to help them make decisions, and also help them to understand why they keep making the same mistakes and how to stopShow MoreRelatedUse Of Reality Therapy ( Rt ) Approach1342 Words   |  6 Pagesapproach because it states that in this form of therapy it focuses on the present and not the past events. Knowing this, this theory may help Ana with her present negative emotions. In this paper I will be addressing the different concepts involved with RT, this includes the RT goals, intervention strategies, short-term and long-term counseling sessions, counselor and client roles in the counseling, population social and cultural roles, additional in formation that may be needed, and the risks in theRead MoreCounseling, Cognitive And Behavioral Therapies1165 Words   |  5 PagesVerbal, nonverbal, and written are some of the ways to communicate during counseling. Counseling allows a person to share their feelings, thoughts and problems to another (a counselor) in a dependable and confidential environment. Normally the counselor empathizes with the clients. Many types of counseling are evident depending on the type of problem one has. Counseling usually involves the psychology, therefore, can be termed as psychological therapy. One of the psychological therapies is behavioralRead MoreAmerican Counseling Association : Professional Counselors Essay2167 Words   |  9 Pagesthe organization’s mission is to help society by offering well trained professional counselors. In the process, assisting counselors develop into the contingent professional’s in which society can depend upon, at the same time stimulating human self-worth and diversity. When counselors are trained in graduate school the aspects that goes into becoming a professional counselor, is they equipped with a vast amount of knowledge. Some of the basics include how to work with diverse populations, acknowledgingRead MoreInfidelity : Sexual Or Emotional Act1923 Words   |  8 Pagesthe latest year. Infidelity, which is a form of cheating, has become a common problem throughout America (Debernadi, Nicholas). Even though infidelity is the breaking of trust, it can cause major damage to a person mentally, physically, or emotionally. Infidelity is a sexual or emotional act engaged in by one person within a committed relationship. When infidelity is acted upon, that means the partner of the relationship has went against their vows. It has become an escalating epidemic that is veryRead MoreSexual Abuse And Child Abuse1983 Words   |  8 PagesSexual abuse to a child can be a confusing and devastating experience for the family. Families who are affected by child sexual abuse can have a difficult time talking about the abuse. Studies have shown that about one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children does not discriminate based on socioeconomic status, ethnicity, culture, religion or education. Treating a victim of child sexual abuse is a difficultRead MoreDomestic Violence in the United States Essay2145 Words   |  9 Pages100 Date: 20 April 2009 Introduction The office of domestic violence against women defines domestic violence as pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or maintain power and control over another intimate partner. Domestic violence does not just affect the immediate victim but is a widespread problem in the United States. Eighthly five percent of domestic violence victims are women (Domestic Violence Facts, 2007). Results of violence can be health careRead MoreThe Teachings and Influence of Bill Gothard2327 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction: Influencing hundreds of thousands of people over the span of fifty years, Bill Gothard has become an icon of Christian counseling in the United States and in the world at large. His work in determining the basic conflicts in the hearts of people and his devotion to creating a Bible-based community and curriculum for homeschooling families has made him a powerful leader in the realm of Christian counseling and teaching and has endeared him to many. His counseling style has affectedRead MoreChild Sexual Abuse Essay2930 Words   |  12 Pages Child Sexual Abuse Sexual abuse to a child at times is confusing to the family. Families who are affected by sexual abuse to a child tend to have a difficult time talking about the abuse. About one out of every four girls and one out of every five boys are sexually abused by the time they are 18 years old. Sexual abuse to children happens across every socioeconomic status, ethnic, cultural, religion and education. Getting treatment for a victim of child sexual abuseRead MoreThe Client : Jean Has Been A Friend Of Mine Since August 1996 Essay2619 Words   |  11 Pagesquickly despite our different personality traits. I had been quite yet outgoing in high school and Jean was lively and animated. People wondered how we could be so opposite, yet great friends. Our friendship continued to grow over the years and we became best friends. Throughout the years of friendship we talked about her romantic relationships and my romantic relationships. We trusted each other with private experiences that we would not tell anyone else. Our communication was very open, honestRead MoreQuestions On Group Counseling Proposal3651 Words   |  15 Pagesthe behaviors that children may display when going through a period of family breakup. In addition, I will discuss how group counseling may benefit adolescent children in coping with divorce and strategies that may help limit unwanted behaviors. Part 1: Background Potential Problem Adolescent children may display many different types of behaviors when coping with a split family of divorce. Parents will try to cover their feelings when going through a divorce in efforts to not upset the children.

Three Goals Essay Research Paper Life is free essay sample

Three Goals Essay, Research Paper Life is a uninterrupted journey. So far, my journey has been a pursuit to carry through felicity, a hunt for cognition and a yearning for wealth. Throughout the old ages, I have been in chase of these ends. What I have achieved is simply the tip of the iceberg compared to my dreams, but the passions that drive me will non discontinue until they have been satisfied. Happiness is the kernel of all my ends. Without felicity, there is no significance to life! It is like being entirely in the rain. A cloud of sadness bents over you like a expletive that will non travel off. Happiness is being with your friends. It is the feeling when person gives you a assisting manus when you fall, or a rap in the dorsum when you win. It is besides the feeling of love: the heat that you feel when you hold the one you love in your weaponries. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Goals Essay Research Paper Life is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Happiness is non something that can be achieved easy ; it requires love and honor, commiseration and pride and compassion and forfeit. Knowledge is besides something that is non achieved easy. The hunt for cognition has ever driven me bec ause human sort knows merely so small about the things that surrounds them. I wish to unveil secrets, do the unachievable, and see the universe no 1 else sees. These dreams are non easy accomplishable, but with each measure I take, they become one measure closer, and life becomes more fulfilling. Wealth on the other manus, is non something that fulfills your mental aspirations. It is more of a physical object. It is the footing of all minutess that take topographic point in this modern universe. There are many things that money can non purchase, but for everything else, it is an indispensable thing that can do life a batch easier. It automatically gives you power and regard. It can better your life style. You do non necessitate to worry about money, or anything that requires money. You have more clip to follow your dreams, and to be with your loved 1s. This is what wealth can convey you. These are my dreams. They will all play a different function in my life, and non all of them I can accomplish. But the sum of attempt I put Forth to accomplish them will be equal to the sum I shall have. There will be no sorrow.

Charismatic leadership Essay Example

Charismatic leadership Paper A team is a group comprised of individuals who come together for one common goal. Teams face many obstacles such as conflicts, commitments, communication barriers, and leadership roles. Although a team will be confronted with obstacles, team mates must develop resolutions in order to achieve the common goal. Conflict is the result of dissatisfaction, frustration or incompatibility in relations between individuals or groups of individuals such as organizations, cultural groups, nations, management groups, age groups and in a wide range of other situations. Conflict is possible in a wide variety of situations and perspectives. This paper describes a number of different methods for effectively resolving conflict among members of a work team. The paper first characterizes the different stages of work team formation and explains when and why conflicts are most likely to arise. The paper then lays out some ground rules for dealing with conflicts within the work teams while emphasizing the importance of establishing project goals as well as good communication between members. Finally, the paper describes the three different types of conflicts that may arise. In the first stage forming, new team members seek guidance from team leaders. This is an excellent time for a leader to clearly establish goals and objectives. These goals and objectives should translate into expectations. The second stage, storming, is where competition and conflict occur. Conflict and Resolution 3 A new team must be permitted to allow for new personalities to demonstrate levels of flexibility for attitude adjustments. We will write a custom essay sample on Charismatic leadership specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Charismatic leadership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Charismatic leadership specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Patience is difficult at this stage but as conflict occurs; the group must work with the understanding that clear expectations are in place to establish rules for whom is responsible for specific tasks, for who is in charge, and what rules lead to reward and discipline. Having established clear expectations prior to or in stage one of the group process can therefore simplify aspects of this stage. In the third stage, norming, group dynamic forms. If expectations have been clearly established, the group begins to think as a unit. Thus, the group can exchange levels of creativity to meet expectations. In the fourth stage, performing, expectations are met at a new level. Here, a group evolves into individual members excelling while still adding to the dynamic of the group. Clear expectations are established when a group successfully gets to this stage. In the fifth stage, adjourning, the group should again be meeting clearly established goals. In other words, clearly established expectations help avoid apprehension during dismissal. Time management and how to achieve a successful balance in our lives among our many activities is something every person needs to know and practice. Often, prioritizing our day or week is not easy, yet by implementing some strategic personal initiatives, we can take giant strides toward meeting our goal of more effective time management. However negative conflict results in upsetting the team composition, which in turn leads to failure of the team to achieve its objectives. The notion that conflict should be avoided is one of the major contributors to the growth of destructive conflict in the workplace. The bad view of conflict is associated with a vision of organizational effectiveness that is no longer valid (and perhaps never was). Conflict can be directed and managed so that it causes both people and organizations to grow, innovate and improve. However, this requires that conflict not be repressed, since attempts to repress are more likely to generate very ugly situations. Common repression strategies to be avoided are: non-action, administrative orbiting, secrecy and law and order. There are three approaches to handling conflict: Traditional (avoid all conflict), human relation (conflict is natural and is dealt with in an appropriate manner) and interactions (some degree of conflict is required to achieve progress particularly in the workplace). A key element in understanding and adapting to these different concepts is often rooted in ones sense of self and self-disclosure. Having an array of individual differences can make the environment endlessly challenging. Growing diversity creates a view of individual differences in increasingly different ways. Conflict and Resolution 5 One important variable in organizational behavior is based on oneself concept. Ideas of self vary from one historical era to another, from one socioeconomic group to another, and from culture to culture, but all these thought patterns are part of the interplay between human beings. Conflict is an expressed struggle; it is a given consideration whenever there are differences among members in a group. An expressed struggle may be verbal or non-verbal, so long as one group communicates effectively the different sentiments that he has about the issue to the other group. A difference in the perceived incompatible goals is another antecedent that cannot be avoided during team conflicts. The individual and his or her work situation are affected by how he handles such issues as conflict resolution, stress management, interpersonal communication, and non-verbal communication. These dimensions of everyday life have to be addressed by everyone, and how well he manages to do this determines his own sense of well-being and self-esteem, on the one hand and how he is viewed. An individuals lack of an understanding of how communication skills work and how important they are to other individuals will seriously impede that persons ability to resolve conflicts, while individuals who have good strong communication skills are able to deal with emotional conflicts quickly and easily. Conflict and Resolution 6 It appears that there are many processes and structures used to teach these things to individuals but they do not always work in the way that they should and many people are left with difficulties in communication when he faces some type of emotional conflict with another individual. It is important for these individuals to develop skills in communication and collaboration that are very effective and when they learn how to deal with emotional conflict management they become assets not only for the clients that they deal with but for their employers as well. Commitment means to agree and/or pledge. In other words, you he must follow through with the commitment as promised. It requires one to evaluate a situation and figure out what can be added or needs to be accomplished. When one commits it is held as a promise to self and/or others. In a learning team environment members of the team are assigned various tasks. Each team member is responsible to complete his tasks. When other people are affected by the commitment it is important to complete the tasks. Learning Teammates are committed to complete his assignment s in an orderly manner. It is also important to give your team mates the best. Maintaining a commitment to yourself gives one a sense of pride and accomplishment. It also allows people to accomplishment their goals. Renewing commitments is important because each person is able to evaluate and assess the various goals that have been set. Conflict and Resolution 7 This is also used as a tracking system so that you are aware of what goals have been achieved and what areas still need work. It is difficult to commit to something by verbally communicating the commitment to others. Therefore, it is advantageous to write the commitment on paper. This can also be used as a tracking system. When you are able to document your progression, it is easier to visually see your progression and failures. This tracking system allows you to evaluate and strategize their goals. Barriers to effective communication spring up just about everywhere in day-to-day life but they can often be most apparent in the work environment. In the past, a major barrier to communication may have been the distance separating one business location from another, but in the modern world of the Internet and satellite communications, there are still many other barriers, which get in the way of effective communication in the workplace. A barrier is anything that gets in the way of the purpose of the organization, or causes people to misunderstand each other. Since communication is a key to just about every aspect of every organization, it is an important and valuable tool for every person in the organization, and if used effectively, it can add to the success and value of the organization for everyone involved. As one communications expert noted, Without communication, not even the first steps can be taken toward human cooperation, and it is impossible to speak about organizational problems without speaking about communication, or at least taking it for granted. Conflict and Resolution 8 Communication refers to the process of creating shared understanding between two individuals or between an individual and a group. This includes that communication is a process of interacting with others. For example, talking is not communication. Having someone hear that talking and create meaning from it is communication. This illustrates one of the main features of communication that it is a transactional process. A transactional process is defined as, a process in which two or more people exchange speaker and listener roles, and in which the behavior of each person is dependent on and influenced by the other There are many different methods of Leadership. Most groups and teams generally use five levels of decision-making: command, consult, majority, consensus and unanimity. It is easy to understand that these decision types are very closely related to the time constraints before a decision is determined. When the command type of decision-making process is used, the leader identifies the tasks at hand and designates responsibilities to all the members. This type of decision-making can be accomplished in the shortest possible time-it however, has a major drawback. It will be difficult for the leader to get buy-ins for the task from team members if the members do not agree with the decision made. Another method is leading highly motivated and skilled people, who have produced excellent work in the past, and have a history of efficiency. Conflict and Resolution 9 Once a leader has established that his or her team is confident, capable and motivated, he or she can step back and let them get on with the task. In this type or organization, if the leader interferes, he or she can generate resentment and detract from his effectiveness. By handing over ownership, a leader empowers his or her group to achieve their goals. What is important to note about this leader, in handing over the ownership, he or she has also relinquished their own active involvement in the process, and thereby diminished his or her influence, and thereby his or her level of effectiveness. There is also the leadership with power. It has different levels of power. The first being reward power or the ability to provide rewards for a job well done. The next is coercive power or the ability to punish for an unacceptable performance. The last type of power that a leader has within an organization is legitimate power or his actual position that gives them the right to have authority. A leaders degree of power in the organization is given with the status of his position. A manager will use these powers at different times depending on the details of the situation. The first one is the talker and the one who receives the communication is the listener. Conflict and Resolution 10 Often, one hears the term lack of communication when some misunderstanding occurs between these two parties, which most of the time implies that whoever delivering the message did not do an effective job. This may not always be true. Unfortunately, few know how to be good listeners. Statistics indicate that the normal, untrained listener is likely to understand and retain only about 50 % of a conversation. One has to develop appropriate skills and techniques to be a good attentive listener during individual conversations and during meetings and lectures. Strange as it may sound, there are courses and training sessions conducted to develop listening skills Other forms of leadership involve direct and indirect leadership. Direct leadership involves those activities which the principle does himself/herself, with very little assistance from anyone else. Alternatively, those activities that are carried out through teachers are regarded as indirect leadership activities. The ability of a leader to lead and appeal to others around him is important. Charisma is defined as charm, personality, appeal, magnetism that an individual possesses. It is a trait most think they are born with-charisma can however also be taught with varying success to people who do not possess it. Emotional resilience and rational thinking in addition to the qualitative leadership skills are important requirements for a charismatic leader. Conflict and Resolution 11 Organizational motivation is an area where charismatic leadership can be used very successfully. The art of knowing how to lead and the ways of leading may differ between various leaders.

The Crito essays

The Crito essays The dialogue of The Crito, by Plato, recounts the last days of Socrates, immediately before his execution was going to take place in Athens. In the dialogue, Socrates friend, Crito, proposes that Socrates escape from prison. Socrates considers this proposal, trying to decide if escaping would be just and morally justified. Socrates argues against his escape by relating the regulations of the state to the duties of citizens within the state. Socrates sees his execution as a justified because he thinks that he will be performing an unjust action to the state, himself, as well as his followers by escaping. Crito sees Socrates execution as unjust because of a few reasons, but most of all because Socrates has been imprisoned unjustly thus making his escape seem just. In this essay I will compare both arguments as well as give my beliefs as to why I think Socrates decision was the best decision. Crito begins by giving 3 main reasons as to why Socrates should not escape. First both Socrates and his friends will be severly criticized if he does escape. He thinks that they will be looked down upon for not helping Socrates escape. Socrates feels that the opinion of some should be regarded and the opinion of the others should not. Next Crito points out that Socrates would be hypocritical in that he had preached his entire life about human excellence and that by not escaping was cowardly and showed an extreme lack of bravery. Thirdly, he points out that it would should an extreme lack of character to let his children grow up without the guidance that Socrates has to offer. Socrates on the other hand feels that by escaping from prison it would be a violation of the law of the land and would clearly imply that Socrates is an enemy to that which makes an orderly society. Socrates feels that the Athenian society has given him so much and because of that fact he has a moral responsibility to accep...

Anne Hutchinson, Early American Religious Dissident

Anne Hutchinson, Early American Religious Dissident Anne Hutchinson was a leader in religious dissent in the Massachusetts colony, nearly causing a major schism in the colony before she was expelled. Shes considered a major figure in the history of religious freedom in America. Dates: baptized July 20, 1591 (birth date unknown); died in August or September of 1643 Biography Anne Hutchinson was born Anne Marbury in Alford, Lincolnshire. Her father, Francis Marbury, was a clergyman from the gentry and was Cambridge-educated. He went to prison three times for his views and lost his office for advocating, among other views, that the clergy be better educated. Her father was called by the Bishop of London, at one time, an ass, an idiot and a fool. Her mother, Bridget Dryden, was Marburys second wife. Bridgets father, John Dryden, was a friend of the humanist Erasmus and an ancestor of the poet John Dryden. When Francis Marbury died in 1611, Anne continued to live with her mother until she married William Hutchinson the next year. Religious Influences Lincolnshire had a tradition of women preachers, and theres some indication that Anne Hutchinson knew of the tradition, though not the specific women involved. Anne and William Hutchinson, with their growing family eventually, fifteen children several times a year made the 25-mile journey to attend the church served by the minister John Cotton, a Puritan. Anne Hutchinson came to consider John Cotton her spiritual mentor. She may have begun holding womens prayer meetings at her home during these years in England. Another mentor was John Wheelwright, a clergyman in Bilsby, near Alford, after 1623. Wheelwright in 1630 married William Hutchinsons sister, Mary, bringing him even closer to the Hutchinson family. Emigration to Massachusetts Bay In 1633, Cottons preaching was banned by the Established Church and he emigrated to Americas Massachusetts Bay. The Hutchinsons oldest son, Edward, was part of Cottons initial emigrant group. That same year, Wheelwright was also banned. Anne Hutchinson wanted to go to Massachusetts, too, but pregnancy kept her from sailing in 1633. Instead, she and her husband and their other children left England for Massachusetts the next year. Suspicions Begin On the journey to America, Anne Hutchinson raised some suspicions about her religious ideas. The family spent several weeks with a minister in England, William Bartholomew, while waiting for their ship, and Anne Hutchinson shocked him with her claims of direct divine revelations. She claimed direct revelations again on board the Griffin, in talking to another minister, Zachariah Symmes. Symmes and Bartholomew reported their concerns upon their arrival in Boston in September. The Hutchinsons tried to join Cottons congregation on arrival and, while William Hutchinsons membership was approved quickly, the church examined the views of Anne Hutchinson before they admitted her to membership. Challenging Authority Highly intelligent, well-studied in the Bible from the education provided her with her fathers mentorship and her own years of self-study, skilled in midwifery and medicinal herbs, and married to a successful merchant, Anne Hutchinson quickly became a leading member of the community. She began leading weekly discussion meetings. At first these explained Cottons sermons to the participants. Eventually, Anne Hutchinson began reinterpreting the ideas preached in the church. Anne Hutchinsons ideas were rooted in what was called by opponents Antinomianism (literally: anti-law). This system of thought challenged the doctrine of salvation by works, emphasizing the direct experience of a relationship with God, and focusing on salvation by grace. The doctrine, by relying on individual inspiration, tended to elevate the Holy Spirit above the Bible, and also challenged the authority of the clergy and of church (and government) laws over the individual. Her ideas were counterposed to the more orthodox emphasis on a balance of grace and works for salvation (Hutchinsons party thought they overemphasized works and accused them of Legalism) and ideas about clergy and church authority. Anne Hutchinsons weekly meetings turned to twice a week, and soon fifty to eighty people were attending, both men and women. Henry Vane, the colonial governor, supported Anne Hutchinsons views, and he was a regular at her meetings, as were many in the colonys leadership. Hutchinson still saw John Cotton as a supporter, as well as her brother-in-law John Wheelwright, but had few others among the clergy. Roger Williams had been banished to Rhode Island in 1635 for his non-orthodox views. Anne Hutchinsons views, and their popularity, caused more of a religious rift. The challenge to authority was especially feared by the civil authorities and clergy when some adherents to Hutchinsons views refused to take up arms in the militia which was opposing the Pequots, with whom the colonists were in conflict in 1637. Religious Conflict and Confrontation In March of 1637, an attempt to bring the parties together was held, and Wheelwright was to preach a unifying sermon. However, he took the occasion to be confrontational and was found guilty of sedition and contempt in a trial before the General Court. In May, elections were moved so that fewer of the men in Anne Hutchinsons party voted, and Henry Vane lost the election to deputy governor and Hutchinson opponent John Winthrop. Another supporter of the orthodox faction, Thomas Dudley, was elected deputy governor. Henry Vane returned to England in August. That same month, a synod was held in Massachusetts which identified the views held by Hutchinson as heretical. In November 1637, Anne Hutchinson was tried before the General Court on charges of heresy and sedition. The outcome of the trial was not in doubt: the prosecutors were also the judges since her supporters had, by that time, been excluded (for their own theological dissent) from the General Court. The views she held had been declared heretical at the August synod, so the outcome was predetermined. After the trial, she was put into the custody of Roxburys marshal, Joseph Weld. She was brought to Cottons home in Boston several times so that he and another minister could convince her of the error of her views. She recanted publicly but soon admitted that she still held her views. Excommunication In 1638, now accused of lying in her recantation, Anne Hutchinson was excommunicated by the Boston Church and moved with her family to Rhode Island to land purchased from the Narragansetts. They were invited by Roger Williams, who had founded the new colony as a democratic community with no enforced church doctrine. Among Anne Hutchinsons friends who also moved to Rhode Island was Mary Dyer. In Rhode Island, William Hutchinson died in 1642. Anne Hutchinson, with her six youngest children, moved first to Long Island Sound and then to the New York (New Netherland) mainland. Death There, in 1643, in August or September, Anne Hutchinson and all but one member of her household were killed by Native Americans in a local uprising against the taking of their lands by the British colonists. Anne Hutchinsons youngest daughter, Susanna, born in 1633, was taken captive in that incident, and the Dutch ransomed her. Some of the Hutchinsons enemies among the Massachusetts clergy thought that her end was divine judgment against her theological ideas. In 1644, Thomas Weld, on hearing of the death of the Hutchinsons, declared Thus the Lord heard our groans to heaven and freed us from this great and sore affliction. Descendants In 1651 Susanna married John Cole in Boston. Another daughter of Anne and William Hutchinson, Faith, married Thomas Savage, who commanded the Massachusetts forces in King Philips War, a conflict between Native Americans and the English colonists. Controversy: History Standards In 2009, a controversy over history standards established by the Texas Board of Education involved three social conservatives as reviewers of the K-12 curriculum, including adding more references to the role of religion in history.   One of their proposals was to remove references to Anne Hutchinson who taught religious views that different from the officially sanctioned religious beliefs. Selected Quotations As I do understand it, laws, commands, rules and edicts are for those who have not the light which makes plain the pathway. He who has Gods grace in his heart cannot go astray. The power of the Holy Spirit dwelleth perfectly in every believer, and the inward revelations of her own spirit, and the conscious judgment of her own mind are of authority paramount to any word of God. I conceive there lies a clear rule in Titus that the elder women should instruct the younger and then I must have a time wherein I must do it. If any come to my house to be instructed in the ways of God what rule have I to put them away? Do you think  it not lawful for me to teach women and why do you call me to teach the court? When I first came to this land because I did not go to such meetings as those were, it was presently reported that I did not allow of such meetings but held them unlawful and therefore in that regard they said I was proud and did despise all ordinances. Upon that a friend came unto me and told me of it and I to prevent such aspersions took it up, but it was in practice before I came. Therefore I was not the first. I am called here to answer before you, but I hear no things laid to my charge. I desire to know wherefore I am banished? Will it please you to answer me this and to give me a rule for then I will willingly submit to any truth. I do here speak it before the court. I look that the Lord should deliver me by his providence. If you please to give me leave I shall give you the ground of what I know to be true. The Lord judges not as man judges. Better to be cast out of the church than to deny Christ. A Christian is not bound to the law. But now having seen him which is invisible I fear not what man can do unto me. What from the Church at Boston? I know no such church, neither will I own it. Call it the whore and strumpet of Boston, no Church of Christ! You have power over my body but the Lord Jesus hath power over my body and soul; and assure yourselves thus much, you do as much as in you lies to put the Lord Jesus Christ from you, and if you go on in this course you begin, you will bring a curse upon you and your posterity, and the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it. He that denies the testament denies the testator, and in this did open unto me and give me to see that those which did not teach the new covenant had the spirit of antichrist, and upon this he did discover the ministry unto me; and ever since, I bless the Lord, he hath let me see which was the clear ministry and which the wrong. For you see this scripture fulfilled this day and therefore I desire you as you tender the Lord and the church and commonwealth to consider and look what you do. But after he was pleased to reveal himself to me I did presently, like Abraham, run to Hagar. And after that he did let me see the atheism of my own heart, for which I begged of the Lord that it might not remain in my heart. I have been guilty of wrong thinking. They thought that I did conceive there was a difference between them and Mr. Cotton... I might say they might preach a covenant of works as did the apostles, but to preach a covenant of works and to be under a covenant of works is another business. One may preach a covenant of grace more clearly than another... But when they preach a covenant of works for salvation, that is not truth. I pray, Sir, prove it that I said they preached nothing but a covenant of works.   Thomas Weld, on hearing of the death of the Hutchinsons: Thus the Lord heard our groans to heaven and freed us from this great and sore affliction.   From the sentence at her trial read by Governor Winthrop: Mrs. Hutchinson, the sentence of the court you hear is that you are banished from out of our jurisdiction as being a woman not fit for our society. Background, Family Father: Francis Marbury, a clergyman in the Church of EnglandMother: Bridget DrydenHusband: William Hutchinson (married 1612; well-to-do cloth merchant)Children: 15 in 23 years Also known as Anne Marbury, Anne Marbury Hutchinson Bibliography Helen Auger. An American Jezebel: The Life of Anne Hutchinson. 1930.Emery John Battis. Saints and Sectaries: Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomian Controversy in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 1962.Thomas J. Bremer, editor. Anne Hutchinson: Troubler of the Puritan Zion. 1981.Edith R. Curtis. Anne Hutchinson. 1930.David D. Hall, editor. The Antinomian Controversy, 1636-1638. 1990, second edition. (Includes records from Hutchinsons trial.)Winifred King Rugg. Unafraid: A Life of Anne Hutchinson. 1930.N. Shore. Anne Hutchinson. 1988.William H. Whitmore and William S. Appleton, editors. Hutchinson Papers. 1865.Selma R. Williams. Divine Rebel: The Life of Anne Marbury Hutchinson. 1981.

The Strategic Verticals of Davivienda Assignment

The Strategic Verticals of Davivienda - Assignment Example The assignment "The Strategic Verticals of Davivienda" analyzes the existing issues regarding internal communication inefficiencies, lagging project duration for O&M department of Davivienda Bank by measuring each of mentioned problems and their impact on the operational efficiency of O&M department. External and internal environment scan in context to O&M department has been done by the researcher in order elaborate scope of the paper. The recommends strategies like implementation of virtual communication portal, enhancement in e-mail communication efficiency, establishment of department consisting of process specialist that would work with O&M department in integrated manner, providing communication training to O&M personnel, implementing ERP system within O&M department, conducting monthly cross-departmental meeting to top level management and CEO of Davivienda to improve overall competitiveness of O&M department. The recommendations should not only improve internal communication between O&M department but also work as strategic initiatives for Davivienda. Financial organizations like banks start their strategic planning from understanding the scope of the service offerings. Davivienda is a bank and it also focuses heavily on the service and product offerings. There is very little scopes exist for banks to standardize its product portfolio and service offerings rather banks need to adapt to changes in customer requirements and design product portfolio that can be relevant in changing business environment.... As the report is addressing to key people of the organization hence there is no point in putting company information in the report because it is expected that the key members of the organization such as CEO is completely aware of these information. In short, O&M department of the organization handles issues like coordinating with marketing department to perform operational initiatives, updating administrative reports regarding organizational hierarchy, preparing system manuals, preparing process reports for the entire administrative blocks in the bank. The O&M department works in close loop manner with operational verticals like Human Resources division, Audit section, Information Technology division and General Administration. Now, what is the objective of this paper? Well, to be precise, the report will suggest a strategic plan for O&M department and study will also review the strategic plans that have been discussed in the previous works and suggestion regarding implementation of contingency plans to mitigate the identified risks will also be important part of this paper. Backgrounds and Accomplishments Bouquet, Hebert & Delios (2004) pointed out that financial organization like banks start their strategic planning from understanding the scope of the service offerings. In similar context, Davivienda is a bank and it also focuses heavily on the service and product offerings while making strategic choices. According to Bouquet, Hebert & Delios (2004), there is very little scopes exist for banks to standardize its product portfolio and service offerings rather banks need to adapt to changes in customer requirements and design product portfolio that can be relevant in changing business environment. Roth and Menor

Islamic Banking and Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Islamic Banking and Finance - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  the UAE Islamic financial services sector represents 30% of the overall Islamic banking industry based throughout the world. This has been possible largely because of rising requirement of customers within the UAE for Islamic financial services. Islamic banks in the UAE have played a crucial role in financing multiple infrastructure projects in the region, expansion of the human capital market by training talented individuals from the region and also, financed development of housing properties for the citizens of UAE. The growth witnessed in the Islamic banking industry has been driven by the growing requirement for Islamic products and services by an augmenting count of customers. The underlying reason for this growth is the emphasis that the industry lays on ethical principles, their commitment to transparency and implementation of the principle of mutual benefits in transactions and operations. The following sections will explain the produc ts and services offered by three of the leading banks based in the UAE (National Bank of Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and Emirates NBD). Following that, financial performance of each of the banks will be compared and lastly, comments would be made regarding the difference in between Islamic banking system that these banks follow and the conventional banking system.  The National Bank of Abu Dhabi’s Islamic Financial System is guided by Shari’a principle and rules.  

Originally and Lanarkshire Girls Essay Example for Free

Originally and Lanarkshire Girls Essay Compare and contrast two poems, one by each poet, taking account of the methods (situation, form and structure, and language, including imagery and tones) which each poet uses to write about her mother.  The poems ‘Originally’ by Carol-Ann Duffy and ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ by Liz Lochhead both deal with the theme of journeys. The former poem is about a situation in which the speaker and her family moved cities. It describes the speaker’s uncertainty with regards to her identity. The second poem, ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ recalls the first time the speaker as a fourteen year old took the bus into the city of Glasgow with her friends. For both the speakers, the journey and experience are new to them. They both share similar environments in which they travel, with the speaker in ‘Originally’ riding in a ‘red room’ and the speaker in ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ travelling in a ‘red bus’. In exploiting the colour red, the poets may be conveying a sense of anxiety that accompanies the speakers on their unfamiliar journeys. However, any sense of anxiety felt by the speaker in ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ is short lived and replaced with excitement as with, ‘money burning a hole’ in the girls’ pockets, they began ‘dreaming’ themselves up. On the other hand, the anxiety felt by the speaker in ‘Originally’ doesn’t deteriorate but worsens and affects not only the speaker, but her entire family too, ‘My parents’ anxiety stirred like a loose tooth.’ This speaks to the permanency and consequences of each journey. For the speaker in Duffy’s poem, the consequences of the journey are large and the relocation is permanent as although she wants to return to her ‘own country’ desperately, she cannot. In contrast, the journey taken by the speaker in ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ is temporary and the consequences, little. Once the speaker has explored her destination of Glasgow city, she and her friends will return to t heir rural homes. ‘Originally’ is arranged in three stanzas, each with eight lines, this ridged structure allows the reader to consider fully, the impact of the journey. In addition, each stanza takes a different viewpoint; therefore by taking a separate stanza for each one the reader can follow each perspective more easily. The first stanza describes the journey through the eyes of the speaker as a child, the second takes a generic view of childhood overall and considers it metaphorically, and the third is from the speaker’s perspective again, this time as an adult who is still struggling with her identity. Similarly, ‘Lanarkshire Girls’ is arranged into three stanzas, however, each with a different number of lines, the poem is in free verse. This is to accommodate the anecdotal style of the poem. The poet arranges this poem into three stanzas to represent the three different stages of the journey, the first as the speaker is leaving the rural country-side, the second deals with the approach to the city, and the third describes the city of Glasgow itself.

tragoed Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) as Ideal Tragic Hero Essay

Oedipus Rex as the Ideal Tragic Hero If we give ourselves up to a full sympathy with the hero, there is no question that the Oedipus Rex fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree. But the modern reader, coming to the classic drama not entirely for the purpose of enjoyment, will not always surrender himself to the emotional effect. He is apt to worry about Greek fatalism and the justice of the downfall of Oedipus, and, finding no satisfactory solution for these intellectual difficulties, loses half the pleasure that the drama was intended to produce. Perhaps we trouble ourselves too much concerning the Greek notions of fate in human life. We are inclined to regard them with a lively antiquarian interest, as if they were something remote and peculiar; yet in reality the essential difference between these notions and the more familiar ideas of a later time is so slight that it need not concern the naive and sympathetic reader. After all, the fundamental aim of the poet is not to te ach us about these matters. but to construct a tragedy which shall completely fulfill its proper function. Nevertheless, for the student of literature who feels bound to solve the twofold problem, How is the tragedy of Oedipus to be reconciled with a rational conception of life? and How does Oedipus himself comply with the Aristotelian requirements for a tragic hero? there is a simple answer in the ethical teaching of the great philosopher in whose eyes the Oedipus Rex appears to have been well-nigh a perfect tragedy. In other words, let us compare the ideal of the Ethics with the ideal of the Poetics. Aristotle finds the end of human endeavor to be happiness, that is, an unhampered activity of the soul i... ... in accordance with reason. In the Oedipus Rex Sophocles had already shown the reverse. The man who sees but one side of a matter, and straightway, driven on by his uncontrolled emotions, acts in accordance with that imperfect vision, meets a fate most pitiful and terrible, in accordance with the great laws which the gods have made. This philosophy of Aristotle and Sophocles is clearly expressed in the drama itself. "May destiny still find me," sings the Chorus, "winning the praise of reverent purity in all words and deeds sanctioned by those laws of range sublime, called into life throughout the high, clear heaven, whose father is Olympus alone; their parent was no race of mortal men, no, nor shall oblivion ever lay them to sleep: the god is might in them and grows not old." Works Cited: Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.

Isis power rating

The Islamic State of Iraq and the Eleven (SOIL) also translated as the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria or al sham (ISIS) and known In Arabic by the acronym Dates is an anta- Shell's unrecognized Islamic state In Iraq and Syria. Being unrecognized by the international community, it is difficult to accurately classify the organization/state and therefore difficult to rate in terms of power. L However, ISIS itself claims sovereignty and statehood and has proven that it is capable of forming a government and managing the territory it controls.Assuming that ISIS is a state in the international community It would be classified as a pre-modern state, unable to malignant complete self-sufficiency with power mainly In the form of hard military and law enforcement. It lacks Diplomacy and more subtle means of population control. 2 In relation to its neighbors, ISIS remains a powerful suitor to claim the territory and a substantial military power, but also uses smart powerful negotiations with m any groups and states in their location.In a power rating out of 10, ISIS can muster a 6 among the world, due not only to its surprising military success but its potential for economic prosperity. While It contains a great deal of industry and Infrastructure allowing maintaining self-sufficiency, the current state Is not responsible for the formation of the aspects or a more modern state. Instead ISIS relies on the backbone of systems set in place by the regimes that ruled over the area before SIS'S rise to power. Therefore ISIS still remains reliant on other states to function and has yet to prove substantial ability to maintain and advance such necessities.Its sources of military power come from a strong and trending Ideology that pulls In supporters room all over the world and gives the state an almost endless supply of man power. The remaining government of Iraq has stated that the state may have over 100,000 troops at its disposal. 3 That is half the amount of nearby Turkey and would put ISIS into the top 25 largest militaries on earth. 4 Another source of power in the area is the natural resources. Bother Syria and Iraq the countries occupied by ISIS has tremendous reserves of oil. Possibly the most sought after natural resource of our time, the occupied area makes pop a large part of the world's OLL reserve. If ISIS establishes Itself as a legitimate state and Is able to capitalize on Its OLL wealth It would also be able to pick up the trade relations that Syria and Iraq already maintained with many major states in the international system. A place where ISIS still lacks is access to the sea. While both Iraq and Syria have coastline and ports, ISIS is unable to maintain control of sea access for extended periods of time.Without substantial sea access the Islamic State could see Itself cut off from much needed resources and restricted to what It can produce within its area of Influence alone. We will be looking at the Instruments of power ISIS has which has seven different categories those being, Diplomatic, Information, Military, Economic, Financial, Intelligence, and Law enforcement. First let's take a look at the areas ISIS controls. First being Iraq. Iraq is a country in the Middle East with a 80 percent being Arab and the other 20 percent being Kurdish.The two major religions in Iraq at this time are Muslim and Christian. 6 The predominate language is Arabic and Kurdish, and the Arab. The two main languages are Arabic and Kurdish, and the top two religions are Muslim and Christianity The country has a population of about 17 million. 8 Now let's talk about their instruments of power. When it comes to diplomacy ISIS really has none. They are not interested in finding a peaceful resolution they Just want to continue their bloody rampage in the Middle East.Although they fore other countries to be diplomatic to find a solution to get rid of ISIS as you can see in this quote from the U. N. â€Å"It called on Member States to take n ational measures to prevent fighters from traveling from their soil to Join the groups. â€Å"9 The next subject is Information his is one of SIS'S strong suits. As a whole their organization is very well informed. They have a very big communication network all over the world giving them up to date information which allows them to be better informed about what's happening around them. The next subject is Military power.This is where ISIS really shines, because they are nothing but a military â€Å"state† if you will everything they do is through their fighting organizations. The only way ISIS has gained any territory is through a violent take over which usually includes widespread fighting and sometimes mass executions. For a terrorist organization they are very well equipped and trained. They are well armed having a large number of small arms. They also have a very large motor pool of vehicle, some new pickup truck as we have seen in many pictures as well as many heavy mili tary vehicles like tanks they capture as they advance their territory.They also have more military type training than most terrorist organization and all these factors are what make them more like a formal military than a band of fighters. Even top U. S. Military officials think so as we can see in this quote, â€Å"They're incredible fighters. ISIS teams in many places use special operations HTTPS,† said the second official, who has considerable combat experience, using the military term for â€Å"tactics, techniques and procedures. † ISIS has accomplished most of its goals through military force.I'm going to combine the next two types of power because they are very similar those being economics and financial power. This is another big area for ISIS which also separates them from normal terrorist groups. ISIS is very well of financially for a couple reasons. One ISIS earns about three million dollars a day from a couple different avenues. The biggest being the sale of oil as we can see in these quotes, â€Å"Their principal source of income is the oil produced by the installations situated in the east of Syria. 10 â€Å"After all, the terrorists sell their crude oil at a bargain price – between 15 and 40 dollars per barrel, compared to an international quotation on the market of about 100 dollars. â€Å"al This shows how organized they are economically. They also make money by collecting taxes in the areas they control as well as through kidnappings of foreign diplomats. The next subject is Intelligence, again as with the information ISIS is very well informed they SE drones to survey their territories and gather info on their enemy's they have scouts as well.Just like a real military they have their own Intel networks which is one reason thy fight so effectively and can take over areas so quickly. The last type of power is Law enforcement; this is very similar to their military power they rule with an iron fist they keep control over their territories by intimidation and if people don't obey they kill them they are truly ruthless. What approach ISIS uses in the international system, might be. They would use hard power because that seems to be art power. ISIS use Smart powers the most when interacting with other nations.I say this because as I mentioned in a previous paper they know how to interact with western nations by acting refined and somewhat civilized but when they interact with its surrounding neighbors they try to appear as violent and blood thirsty as possible. That's why they use Smart power because they have specific tailored designs for each country they deal with. The Islamic State is a certainly controversial and debated institution, but due to its military power and its ability to maintain its land it shows attention to outlast the coalition's waging war against it.While it is currently dependent on the infrastructure of its predecessor states, if it were to become a recognized state the land it wishes to encompass in a caliphate is rich in resources and religious national fervor. It is an easy movement from its current position to modern self-reliant state if they are to win the war. While it is not recognized and currently despised by its surrounding nations it has a power rating of 6 out of 10 due to its impressive military success and its large possibility for economic gain.

Canyon Ranch Essay

1. What is the value of customer information to Canyon Ranch? Ans. To Canyon Ranch, customer information is must in order to implement their business model successfully. The value that it gives to the business is that it understands customer’s unique wants and give alternatives that will allow each guest to rach their individual goals. This is essential for Canyon Ranch to reach its mission to â€Å"inspire people to make healthy living, turning hopes and live into the highest enjoyment of life†. By gathering and sharing guests’ information, Canyon Ranch can assimilate it to â€Å"know and understand their customers, provides loyalty, and cross-sell its offerings† all of which are highly critical to the success of Canyon Ranch. The VP of Marketing was quoted saying â€Å"everyone experiences a different Canyon Ranch; we’ll meet you where you are†. If the company doesn’t know ‘where that is’, they will never be able to live up to this motto. Their customers are looking for a Luxury-like experience, not a ‘Marriott’ experience. They want unique, custom opportunities and to miss the details related to each customer could cost Canyon Ranch their reasonable edge. Canyon Ranch has been regarded as the â€Å"gold standard in the industry. To uphold this standard, they must know their client better than they see themselves. This is only likely to gather and adapt quality customer information. 2. As CIO, how would you make the case for customer relationship management (CRM) and business intelligence (BI) systems at Canyon Ranch? Canyon Ranch is the gold standard in destination spas and enjoys impressive rates that are much higher than other destination spas, but there are marks of increasing competition. Day spas are aligning themselves with medical expert and offered facilities in nutrition, homeopathy, physical therapy and general medical practice. Also some hospitals were starting to provide spa treatments and wellness centers with nutritionists. Canyon Ranch is now faced with demands as to how to raise the business while keeping the fundamental characteristics of Canyon Ranch. From an IT position, Canyon Ranch has basic systems for the business to function although they are not very effective. The CLS based system is used to record transactional data  while client preferences, support incident, rapid response etc. used Guestware. is not integrated well with CLS. The program coordinator, who persisted as the contact person for the quest through their stay, did not always have all of the data ahead of ti me. There is no POS software in the restaurant or the salon, hold up the Ranch of a chance to compile and track sales data. Canyon Ranch’s each business unit is committed on improving the level of customer service and personalization. As a CIO I would make central IT infrastructure so that all the figures is shared at every Canyon Ranch branch so that where every a customer goes he is not treated as new if he has visited it before. Create a Point of Sale software that leads to traceable value of purchase. If any customer wants to just buy a product then he can buy it rather than taking whole services. Increase direct marketing and communication to self decision making software that recognizes the pattern of customer visit and reminds him about his upcoming event to celebrate or take service at Canyon Ranch. 3. What impact would you anticipate these systems to have on the Canyon Ranch strategy and capabilities? Ans. The evolution of IT application such as CRM and BI systems will change the business interaction with customers. Canyon Ranch can enhance their historic reliance on word-of-mouth promotion to expand its customer base through social networking. Though Canyon Ranch has property management system that captures some customer data but implementing CRM and BI will make robust system to periodically survey customers, capture sales data and track services. Such integration can increase repeat customer visit, enhance customer personalization and attract new customers. The implantation of BI will allow company to attract profitability of its three segments : Health and Healing, Hotels and Spas. With this intelligence Canyon Ranch will employ cost saving measures, track inventory and monitor resources. Such system will improve capability and enhance productivity. 4. What advice do you have for Canyon Ranch executives? Ans. In the IT area Canyon Ranch still has space to improve. The first thing is to reduce the cost. Canyon Ranch has 2.5:1 staff-to-guest ratio, it also was the advantage in competition. But this will cost too much, Canyon Ranch can use the information technology to decrease the amount of staffs. Some services can be done by the computer like registration or remind services,  sometimes, the guest want their privacy space, at this time the Canyon Ranch should offer guests options to enjoy their private time. In another aspect, the information system can help the staffs to manage the profile of the customers. When the customer checking in the resort, the system will tell the preferences of each customer to the service provider automatically. These data of preferences can also help the Canyon Ranch provides much more projects that fit for customers. For the new customers, it should have a survey system to get the basic preferences. There should have some self-service machines to provide reserve service to the customers, to help them reserve the private spa service by their own. It will decrease the cost of Canyon Ranch and increase the efficiency. It also can attract more customers back to Canyon Ranch again. Another problem in Canyon Ranch is the separating system. The CLS system is the core system that runs the whole company, but the Guestware and POS software cannot connect to the core system. So the plan above cannot be implementing until this applicability problem solved. The good news is the Canyon Ranch owned the source code of CLS system, and it could be customized easily. Canyon Ranch should work with the develop company of CLS to customize the system. So a centralized system should be make that interlinks every branch and segments within it.

Leadership portrated in the movie, Crimson Tide.

Leadership portrated in the movie, Crimson Tide. Introduction.Set in Archbury Airfield, England, during World War II, "Twelve O'Clock High" is full of engaging individuals whose character development reveal insights into the different approaches to leadership and their resultant effectiveness. The movie centralizes on the American 918th Bomber Group, a flight crew suffering from low-moral, dismal performance and "hard luck" after several unsuccessful flight missions. However, their luck drastically changes under the leadership of a dedicated, relentless general bent on boosting the crew's morale and performance though self-actualization, motivation and pride.Many characters in this report display exemplary leadership qualities, but also highlight poor elements of leadership whose contrast sheds light on what truly makes an effective leader. Keith Davenport is the compassionate general and comrade to the 918th flight crew, who, after several mission mishaps with high crew and aircraft losses, is replaced by General Frank Savage. Sav age is a disciplined hard-ass who whips the flight crew into shape by introducing discipline, direction and structure within the 918 flight crew.They Don't Know (Savage song)Through it all, Major General Pritchard, the 'higher-up' in charge of delegating authority, reveals snapshots of leadership that his role plays towards the eventual success of the 918 flight crew.This report will highlight and compare these character's roles and approaches to leading the 918th crew towards self-actualization, success and excellence. Namely, this report will emphasize the four crucial elements of being a good leader that they display throughout the course of the movie: taking charge, maintaining strategic vision, communications and teamwork, and personal integrity. These components of leadership will be discussed in detail with supporting examples to reveal more insight into the crucial elements that make up a good leader.Taking Charge.An effective leader possesses the will, desire and the know-h ow of how to take charge in any situation. Prime examples...

Sports Vocabulary for English Learners

Sports Vocabulary for English Learners   The words below are the most important words used when discussing sports. Words are categorized into different sections. Youll find example sentences for each word to help provide context for learning.   Equipment Ball - Pick up the ball and throw it to me.  Football - American footballs are different than European footballs.  Hockey puck - He slapped the hockey puck into the goal.  Golf ball - Golf balls are small and very hard. Golfers can hit them over 300 yards!Bat - The baseball player picked up the bat and stepped up to the plate.  Cue - The pool player put resin on his cue while he considered his shot.  Golf club - You can carry up to 14 golf clubs when you play golf.  Hockey stick - The hockey stick was originally made of wood.  Ice skates - Ice skates have a long thin blade that slides over the ice.  Mitt - The baseball player catches the ball in a mitt.  Racing car - He got into the racing car and drove down the track.  Tennis/ squash/badminton racket - Many professionals bring six or more racquets with them to the match.  Saddle - Put the saddle on the horse and well take a ride in the hills.  Skis - Skis are long and thin and can be difficult to use.  Snow board - Many people prefer to use a snowboard to descend the slope.   Shuttlecock - The shuttlecock is used in the game of badminton.  Surfboard - In Hawaii, surfers use their surfboards to go down waves. People Athlete - Athletes need to stay in excellent shape.  Badminton player - The badminton player picked up the racket and began the game.  Basketball player - Some basketball players are paid over $5 million a year!Boxer - Boxers fight in categories such as lightweight and heavyweight.  Cyclist - The cyclists on the Tour de France often ride over 100 kilometers a day.  Diver - The diver spent one hour under water.  Footballer /football player - Europes top footballers are often national heroes.  Golfer - Golfers need steady nerves as they hit the small golfball two hundred yards into a crowd of spectators.  Gymnast - Gymnasts are often young and train hours every day.  Hockey player - Hockey players skate quickly on the ice.  Jockey - A jockey needs to be small and lightweight.  Ice skater - Ice skaters are often elegant artists on the ice as they skate to the music.  Racing driver - The racing driver sped past his nemesis.  Skier - The skier raced down the hill t o beat the best time.  Squash/tennis/ badminton/volleyball/rugby player - Tennis players have to travel all over the world for important tournaments.   Surfer - Many people think the life of a surfer on the beach must be a dream come true.Swimmer - Are you a strong swimmer?  Weight lifter - The weight lifter lifted over 200 kilos.   Places Circuit - The race circuit cuts through the city and out into the country.  Court - A basketball court has a wooden floor.  Course - The golf course has eighteen beautiful holes.  Feld - The soccer field is located at the end of this street.  Gym - How often do you go to the gym to workout?Pitch - The players came onto the rugby pitch to begin the match.  Ring - The boxers got into the ring, shook hands, and began the fight.  Rink - During the winter, I like to go to the rink and ice-skate.  Stadium - Some stadiums can hold more than 100,000 people! Types of Sports Athletics (do) - Children should do a wide range of athletics.  Badminton (play) - You need a net, two racquets, and a shuttlecock to play badminton.  Basketball (play) - I used to play basketball when I was in high school.  Boxing - Boxing is a violent sport.  Cycling - Cycling calls for great stamina.  Diving - Diving off a cliff must take courage.  Football (play) - He played football during college.  Golf (play) - How often do you play golf?Gymnastics (do) - My sister did gymnastics when she was younger.  Hockey (play) - We liked to play hockey up in the north.  Horse racing - Horse-racing is quite an expensive sport.  Ice skating - Ice-skating is a popular Olympic sport.  Motor racing - Motor-racing might be exciting, but its very loud.Riding - Riding through the woods must be lovely.  Rugby (play) - We played the rugby match last week.  Skiing - Skiing can be very a very expensive sport because of lift tickets and equipment.  Snooker (play) - We play ed snooker until early in the morning.  Squash (play) - We play squash indoors with a long racket and small, hardball.   Surfing - Surfing is big business in California.  Swimming - Swimming is one of the best forms of exercise because it involves all our muscles.  Tennis (play) - She played tennis on her high school team.  Volleyball (play) - The women played volleyball on the court.  Weightlifting - Weightlifting requires keeping a strict diet.  Windsurfing - Windsurfing is a popular sport in Hood River, Oregon.

Madonna Phenomenon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Madonna Phenomenon - Essay Example The Madonna phenomenon demonstrates popular culture’s ability to enable political and social contestation through Madonna as its central popular symbol where the Madonna phenomenon explores gender as performance, intersects political and cultural representation, challenges and reinscribes feminine gender categories, and inspires other women to pursue their dreams. Judith Butler asserts that gender is performed as it relates socially-produced subjects in a specific context, where Madonna literally and figuratively performs gender to connect to her primary audience. Butler explains that gender is not an attribute but a performance. Gender is part of human identity, and identity is not static or homogenous (Butler 5 qtd. in Gauntlett 106). Gender is what people do (i.e. their behaviours) and not what they truly are, according to Butler (Gauntlett 107). Madonna’s performances are performances of her identity and for her gender. Different scholars assert that Madonna performs femininity as a masquerade. E. Ann Kaplan explains the meaning of Madonna’s image to her and her audience: â€Å"[Madonnas] image usefully adopts one mask after another to expose the fact that there is no ‘essential’ self and therefore no essential feminine but only cultural constructions† (160). Indeed, Madonna’s different images show cultural constructions as present in â€Å"Material Girl.† In this song, she shows how materialism in modern society shapes femininity and masculinity. In the chorus, Madonna sings: â€Å"You know that we are living in a material world/And I am a material girl.† She is suggesting that because she lives in a material world, she has become a material girl. She talks about herself and women who have become materialistic because of the American Dream that underlines materialistic indicators of happiness and success. Guilbert notes that Madonna challenges â€Å"the consumerist form of the

Subject is American Government. Topic is Socialization Essay

Subject is American Government. Topic is Socialization - Essay Example The strength of the political culture of a country depends on the extent at which these agents of socialization can help to teach the people about certain societal rules, values and expectations (Anderson & Taylor, 2007). Generally, the masses tend to follow the agent of socialization that inspires them politically (Brinkerhoff, White & Ortega, 2007). The mass media for example helps to disseminate information about the things that go on in the political mainstream of the country and it is what they give to the people that the people take. Thus, agents of socialization play a great role in shaping an individual’s political culture. The agent of socialization that has had the greatest influence in shaping my views about the government is the family. The reason is not far-fetched. They say charity begins at home and my perception about the government actually begins with the opinion of my immediate family. This is due to the fact that, my family is the closest agent of socialization to me and I hear their views and opinion about the government through our dinner talks and general discussions at home. Thus, any opinion that I have formed about the government could easily be traced to the discussions and debates I have had with my family. My parents have had a major influence in my perception of the government and this shows the extent at which, the family as an agent of socialization has had the greatest influence in shaping my perception about

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Changing Nurse-Patient Ratio Staffing - Essay Example Several studies have also shown a correlation between nursing staffing and improved patient outcomes (Aiken et al. 2010). As a result, there has been a growing need to improve the nurse-staffing ration in the country to prevent the deaths that occur due to lack of enough nurse personnel. Currently, California became the first state to introduce a threshold on nurse-patient ratio in all general acute care health care institutions as noted by Aiken et al. (2010). Many states have failed to pass this critical legislation due to the nature of politics involved in any legislative process. Abood (2007) argues that any health care issue such as the legislation of nurse patient ratio has to go through different phases of policy processes, beginning with proposal all through to implementation phase. These stages are impacted largely by elected officials, organizations, individuals, and special interests. The divergent views and competing interest of the different factions normally make it dif ficult to pass any legislation regardless of how beneficial the health issue might be to citizens. As a result, a nurse must use effective strategies to influence the different factions to accept and pass a given legislation. Below are the strategies that will be employed to influence legislators to pass the nurse patient ratio bill. ... Having a direct lobbying with the legislators and committees at the legislative arena offers a good opportunity for persuading all members regardless of their party affiliation to adopt a common stand that will ensure the passenger of the nurse-patient bill whose aim is to improve the quality health care delivery in the country as did Maggie Flanagan. Maggie Flanagan managed to convince legislators at the legislative arena to pass the Safe Patient Handling legislation by using her musculoskeletal injury to educate them on the importance of the legislation. In another case, after Karen Daley suffered a needle injury at her workplace, she courageous went all through to the legislative arena where she advocated for Safe Needle Protection policy, which was overwhelmingly passed by the legislators (Abood, 2007). Therefore, I intend to adopt a similar strategy to influence the passage of the nurse-patient ratio law. To influence the passage of nurse-patient ratio, I will also have to know the key players in the legislative arena, both at the state and local levels, who have strong ability to influence the outcome of my proposed legislation. Voting decisions are impacted by many factors other than the issue itself. These include party politics, preferences of district voters, personal interests, and pressure from organized interest groups. In this regard, influencing the outcome and content of the intended policy change depends on how well the supporters and non-supporters of the bill are identified among the legislators. This is important because it offers the opportunity to have directed contact with them and lobbying for their support in the passage of

CSR and Corporate Identity

CSR and Corporate Identity Assignment Question : Outline a research question that can be investigated using qualitative methods. Describe a plan for how you will research that question. Your plan should include strategies for both data collection and data analysis. The rationale for the adoption of a particular form of data collection and analysis must be presented. 1. Introduction The purpose of this research is to investigate the gap between ideals and practices on corporate identity through corporate social responsibility (CSR) and build up practical findings to help corporations narrow the gap thus enabling them to enhance their CSR identity for both companies and employees. This study will focus on the case of large Korean corporations the so called ‘chaebol corporations (henceforth, chaebols). Chaebols are interesting cases to conduct CSR related research because chaebols use CSR for substituting their distorted corporate image and identity as ‘unethical, coming from illegal acts and unsound governance structure. In this sense, chaebols can be considered appropriate cases are currently grappling with a big gap between ideals and practices as the same pertain to their CSR identity. Exploring CSR identity and its effects on practice in chaebols will provide practical indications about the relationship between corporate identity strategy and its employees implementation and theoretical implications on chaebol related research. With multiple-case study strategy, this study will start by looking at corporate CSR identity on the organisational perspectives in case companies. Following this, the study will explore employees perception on corporate identity and CSR activities to identify and examine the factors that influence employee corporate identity and encourage employee participation in CSR activities. This is achieved using a triangulation method. This includes semi-structured interviews, focus group interviews and documentary analysis. In this paper, I will design the research plan with methodological strategy, data collection strategy and data analysis strategy including rationales respectively. 2. Research Questions Assumptions Research Questions The research questions will focus on exploring how CSR identity is conceptualised by companies and employees and how that resulting identity influences CSR practices in reality. Thus, the primary research questions are as follows: Q1. How do corporations conceptualise their CSR identity ? Q2. How does corporate identity formed at the organisational level influence the ethical identity of employees? Q3. What are the connections between the organisational level identity of CSR and employees participation in CSR activities? Assumptions Assumptions grounded in the logic of multi-faceted model of corporate identity (Soenen and Moingeon 2002) and employee performances are as bellow. This multi-faceted model of identity is not a measurement and it provides 5 categories of identity. A1. Corporate identity of CSR will affect employees participation for social activities. A2. Employees participation in CSR activities will increase when corporate identity and their strategies are aligned. A3. Professed identity will not affect employees participation in CSR activities. A4. Employees participation in CSR activities will be influenced by four types of identities when they are matched with each other. 3. Research Design (1) Research Method and Justifications This research will be conducted with a qualitative method. According to Creswell (2003), the main reason of using the qualitative method for research is because of exploratory character of study. As this study focuses on the perspectives of both the corporation itself and that of employees about CSR identity and CSR activities, qualitative methods of research and analysis are adopted. A qualitative method enables in-depth exploration of the CSR identity and, simultaneously, aid in understanding the conceptual relationships between ideals and practice about CSR identity and CSR activities. Moreover, as corporate identity which is formed by socially agreed concepts, and CSR, which has discursively constructed concepts, are both rather subjective, and changeable depending on the particular organisation, qualitative approach is more appropriate to understand how these identities can be conceptualised and formed in an organisational context. Comparing to qualitative methods, a quantitative approach rather focuses consideration on measurements and quantities of the traits established by the people or events of studies (Murray 2003). (2) Epistemological Approach While much research used quantitative method mainly takes a position of a functionalist or positivist stance, qualitative research can take almost all possible epistemological positions (Gephart 1999 ; Symon and Cassell 2004). This research overall takes an interpretive epistemological view with technically along with realistic point of view. While this research focuses on the specific cases of chaebols, the aim is not a generalization of findings. Instead, the findings might represent chaebol related issues. Taking an interpretivist view, sampling of target cases will be purposeful (Daymon and Holloway 2002) rather than being statistically and randomly representative sample. (3) Methodological Strategy and Technical Epistemological Justification Case Study Strategy Justifications This research will take the multiple-case study strategy as its methodological research strategy. There are two reasons for choosing a case study. First, as mentioned above, CSR itself is a very arguable concepts and the impact of CSR can vary depending on corporations conditions (Cho and Hong 2009) and corporate identity matters as well. As case study methodology draws insight from data gathered in research ( Stern 1998; Borgerson, Schroeder et al. 2009), to explore CSR and identity on both organisational and employees perspectives, it is a useful method to understand matters within the organisation context and obtain in-depth and empirical knowledge on them. Secondly, the case study approach is for this research as it enables the use of interview methods and company documents to collect data (Yin 2003) and also, verify the validity of the collected data. As for more replicable evidence, this research is based on multiple-case study of chaebol corporations. Ten cases are sufficient replications to obtain external validity. Compared to single-case designs, the evidence which is derived from multiple-case studies tends to be more compelling and being more powerful (Hersen and Barlow 1976 ; Yin 2003). The case sampling strategy will be explained in the data collection section. Even though the level of analysis is organisational, the unit of analysis is individual for example, managers and non-managerial employees who are directly and indirectly related to CSR identity and CSR activities in their organisations. (4) Data Collection Strategy and Technical Epistemological Justification 1) Triangulation Method The methods to gather the data will be triangulation methods: semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus group interviews and documentary analyses. The triangulation method is helpful to get an external validity in this research. Data sets obtained from each of 10 multiple-cases will be triangulated as figure 1. Semi-structured in-depth interviews A semi-structured interview will be conducted with managers and employees in the CSR department and strategy department. These informants can provide more specific and in-depth knowledge about their own experiences in face-to-face interviews. Even though other methods such as telephone or internet interviews, can also be carried out under the qualitative interview paradigm (King 2004), this research which deals with Korean managers and workers requires face-to-face interviews due to the greater importance of Korean culture in which direct contact can aid in obtaining greater details of the thoughts and experiences of interviewees. Focus Group interviews A focus group interview will be held with managers in other strategy related departments and with employees who have experience in CSR activities. The motivation for adopting this approach is that it allows participants to discuss their thinking and ideas about the CSR strategy and CSR identity with their colleagues at which point the similarities and differences on the perceptions of the participants about CSR can be investigated with greater ease. The advantage of using the focus group interview method at this stage is that it enables participants to get an idea from their colleagues so that they can reflect back on their thinking and their own experiences (King 2004). The questions which will be asked in the interviews will vary depending on the targets. In managerial level interviews, interviewees will be asked about how they conceptualise and identify CSR in terms of the 4 categories of responsibilities as classified by Carroll (Carroll 1999). In the non-managerial level interviews, interviewees will be asked about how they define their corporate identity in terms of CSR and how these identities affect their CSR participation. All of the interviews will be tape-recorded with the interviewees permission for later transcription. Documentary Analysis With regards to the validity of data collection, I will use the triangulation method with documentary analysis in addition to the focus group interview and the semi-structured interview. With respect to the documentary analysis, I will use CSR annual reports which are organised according to reporting guidelines (e.g. GRI Guideline). These reports will be accessed via companies webpage. 2) Sampling Strategy The case companies will be selected according to the ‘Most admirable companies in Korea 2009 ranking complied by the Korea Management Association (KMA). This index ranks companies, according to a consumer survey and employee survey, in terms of the companies ethical image and identity. If ranked in the top level, the company is considered to be, to some extent, ethical and philanthropic and is considered to have CSR strategies and programmes that are more systematically designed than those of other companies. After selecting the 10 top ranked companies as sample cases, interview targets will be selected by a purposive sampling strategy. This is because CSR requires professional knowledge through strategy planning and implementation at the organisational level. In this sense, managerial levels and non-managerial levels in CSR related departments will be considered the target samples for semi-structured in-depth interviews. Those located in other departments will be the target sa mple on focus group interviews. I will contact these targets by email and telephone and in some of the aforementioned cases, have already established initial connections. 3) Epistemological justifications In terms of epistemological position, this research will have realist assumptions interviewees accounts are assumed to indicate awareness about their actual experiences of CSR involvement. This realist approach will make it possible to gather more accurate accounts by comparing the findings from the interview with the documentary analysis. In qualitative research, interview methods aim â€Å"to see the research topic from the perspectives of the interviewee and understanding how and why they come to have this particular perspective† (King 2004). As this research takes the realist approach, the interview will be more structured and systematically prepared compared to, for example, interviews conducted by constructivists or phenomenologists (Pawson and Tilley 1997). 5) Data Analysis Strategy 1) Template Analysis Epistemological Justification Analysis of this research will be conducted via the templates technique. According to King (2004), template analysis as a set of techniques that can be used in realist work. It admits a positivistic position and is particularly useful for research that aims to compare different or similar perspectives of target groups within an organisational context (King 2004). In this sense, this research which relies on realistic epistemological viewpoints and is aims to examine CSR concepts and identity strategy as perceived by corporations and employees, templates analysis provides the most suitable way to produce a list of theme codes which, in turn, derive the concepts and definitions of CSR identity from the informants own words within a theoretical framework thus enabling the analysis to develop new theoretical and empirical implications. As mentioned previously, this research will focus on how corporations and employees perceive CSR concepts and identity from their experience on corporations CSR strategy and implementation, which means the words and expressions coming from their own perceptions, can be extremely varied. Therefore, creating the initial template with a few defined codes (King 2004) and starting with this initial template will be a very helpful to guide analysis as well as to collect data. Compared to other techniques such as grounded theory and repertory grids, this research starts with a theoretical framework and needs organisational level analysis. Using the template analysis, the process of conducting research will proceed as follows. First, to construct the initial template, interview guides will be prepared from a literature review and informal anecdotal evidence from the authors own experience. This interview guide will include minimum information so as to gain more ideas from the interviewees. Thus, the initial template will begin in a simplified format and consist of the 3 highest-order codes and two or three subdivided lower-order codes. It will then be subject to a processes of insertion and deletion with changes in the higher-order classifications (King 2004) after the first focused group interviews. For this, at the beginning of the first focus group interview, interviewees will be asked to express their opinions and perceptions on CSR under the three highest-order codes and several lower-order codes following the brief topic guideline. They focus group interviewees can then proceed with their discussions. After each interview, the initial template will be edited and added with some new codes if the issues are not found to be covered by the presented codes. 4. Limitations Conclusions This study has limitations in terms of generalization due to the small sample size. This is because a small number of respondents cannot be representative of the entire companys view, even though the propositions are proved by the respondents. The findings from this qualitative study may, thus, be considered preliminary. Further research, conducted using larger samples and adopting longitudinal analysis can aid to make the findings of the present research more robust. Moreover, given their unique governance system and political background in social context (Kim and Lee 2003), at present, chaebol related research tends to be conducted with an institutionalist approach. However, in this research, these factors are excluded as the focus is being kept on the organisational and individual level of the perception making process. This study will show the gap of corporate identity between ideals and practices and how employees are influenced by corporate identity in CSR practices. By using qualitative approaches with a case study strategy, this research will have practical implications for managers who work in CSR departments, viz., it will identify how to connect their strategy to employees ethical identification and participation. Reference Borgerson, J. L., J. E. Schroeder, et al. (2009). Corporate communication, ethics, and operational identity: A case study of Benetton. Business Ethics: A European Review 18(3): 209-223. Carroll, A. B. (1999). Corporate Social Responsiblity. Business Society 38(3): 268-295. Cho, S. and Y. Hong (2009). Netizens evaluations of corporate social responsibility: Contents analysis of CSR news stories and online readers comments. Public Relations Review 35: 147-149. Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Thousand Oaks, California, Sage Publications, Inc. Daymon, C. and I. Holloway (2002). Qualitative Research Method in Public Relations and Marketing Communications. London, Routledge. Gephart, R. (1999). Paradigms and Research Methods. Research Methods Forum 4. Hersen, M. and D. H. Barlow (1976). Single-case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior New York, Pergamon. Kim, B. and I. Lee (2003). Agency problems and performance of Korean companies during the Asian financial crisis: Chaebol vs. non-chaebol firms. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 11(327-348). King, N., Ed. (2004). Using Interviews in Qualitative Research. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. King, N., Ed. (2004). Using Templates in the Thematic Analysis of Text. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Inc. Murray, T. R. (2003). Blending Qualitative and Quantitative Research Methods in Theses and Dissertations. Thousand Oaks, California, Corwin Press, Inc. Pawson, R. and N. Tilley (1997). Realistic Evaluation. London, SAGE Publications Inc. Soenen, G. and B. Moingeon, Eds. (2002). The five facets of collective identities. Integrating corporate and organizational identity. Corporate and Organizational Identities: Integrating Strategy, Marketing, Communication and Organizational Perspectives. London, Routledge. Stern, B. B., Ed. (1998). Representing Consumers: Voices, Views and Visions. New York, Routledge. Symon, G. and C. Cassell, Eds. (2004). Promoting New Research Practices in Organizational Research. Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London, SAGE Publications Ltd. Yin, R. K. (2003). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA, SAGE Publications.